July the Month of Freedom and Independences
Because
I think; therefore I am.
_Rene Descartes
How his universal theory evolved as thinker on the separation between the mind and the body and went on to influence later on The French colonialism dominion in applying The Separation of the Head from the body on the battlefield:
You can separate my head out from my boby, but you can’t take my thought from me
So I lost my head and not my mind
Yesterday, the 3rd of July, it was really the very Day of Independence of Algeria, but for convenience and cordiality and mutual respect with a friendly country, courtesy to The UN, for the date of the proclamation of The Independence, it was decided to be declared on the 5th of July.
Yesterday, The Whole Word saw in the news the arrival of the plane carrying the 24 remains of Leaders of the insurrections in the 18th Century against the French colonization of Algeria and the ceremonial honor tribute due to them upon their arrival at the airport of Algiers
These are “the remains of 24 leaders of the Algerian People’s Resistance, who have been deprived of their natural and human right to be buried for over 170 years,” added Abdelmadjid Tebboune, the president of Algeria
Now In Algeria, people and families of those exiled dead people can mourn their loss and grieve after a long period of waiting and torments.
Among these fighters is Cheikh Bouziane, the leader of the Zaâtcha revolt (eastern Algeria) in 1849. Captured by the French, he was shot and then beheaded. Their Survived companions were deported to The port of Toulon, then sent in an exile to a ship to Caledonia, 20000 klms, away from their natal home
Also mentioned are the names of Bou Amar Ben Kedida and Si Mokhtar Ben Kouider Al Titraoui, all considered as martyrs of the early days of resistance to French colonization.
Reclaimed for years by Algiers, these mortuary remains – several dozen skulls – were kept in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History.
It was the restitution of 24 skulls amongst the 36 others left , that are still in display in the Museum of Hatural History, in Paris, like Le Louvre, where Tut Ankhamun, The Pharoeh and the artifacts of ancient Egypt civilization.
Paris where is the culture of paradox of positive. Latin, Greek and Hieroglyphs are dead languages as well. But then Latin was a predominant language that thinkers philosophers and Scientists used in their studies and researches.
Descartes created a revolution in the way of thinking with only three words; Cogito Ergo Sum.
The Mind, The body and the Thought: I think, Therefore I am.
Known as Cartesian dualism (or Mind-Body Dualism), his theory on the separation between the mind and the body went on to influence subsequent Western philosophies. In Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes attempted to demonstrate the existence of God and the distinction between the human soul and the body.
One of the deepest and most lasting legacies of Descartes‘ philosophy is his thesis that mind and body are really distinct—a thesis now called “mind-body dualism.” He reaches this conclusion by arguing that the nature of the mind (that is, a thinking, non-extended thing is completely different from that of the body )
Wikipedia › wiki › René_Descartes
The Spin-offs of the French revolutions
1_The upheaval was caused by widespread discontent with the French monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI, who met his death by guillotine, as did his wife Marie Antoinette.
First time of the use of the Guillotine, to separate the head (Skull, Mind) from the body
2_Establishment of civil equality in the country (but not in the French colonies) and radical social change:
The French Indigénat Code
The first Code de l’indigénat was implemented by the French senatus consulte of 14 July 1865, under Napoleon III, décret the native people as indigenous
In 1881, the Code de l’Indigénat formalised de facto discrimination by creating specific penalties for indigènes and organizing the seizure or appropriation of their lands, which recluse them to uncultured and impoverished pariahs, vagrant tossed secluded on uncultivable lands .[6]
and the Infamous Décret Crémieux:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mieux_Decree
The Crémieux Decree was passed in Algeria in October 1870 granting French citizenship to Algerian Jews but not to Muslims… For Crémieux and his republican allies the decree was an acknowledgment of the fundamental difference between the native Jews and Arabs, the former being commonly viewed “as the only ones in Africa accessible to European civilization,”_Then, the beginning of a century of exclusion of the Arabs, and Berbères as well, from all universal Civilities, Rights, and all Freedoms.
https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/faq/cr%C3%A9mieux-decree
Some Thoughts on the culture of the positive paradox of the supremacy of the White: I think, therefore I am_ entitled to the supremacy over the others
Wikipedia › wiki
On Tocqueville in Algeria and epistemic violence
Alexias de Tocqueville was a member of parliament from 1839 to 1851 and was briefly French foreign minister during the Second Republic in 1849.
He wrote, in his 1841, Essay on Algeria, an unequivocal endorsement of a full-on colonisation. His thoughts on the merits of democracy and individual liberties clearly did not extend to North African natives.
Tocqueville’s plan to subjugate Algerians and replace the population with European settlers included several concrete steps. He contended that the second-most important step in the conquest “after the interdiction of commerce, is to ravage the country“. As he further explained, “I believe that the right of war authorises us to ravage the country and that we must do it, either by destroying harvests during the harvest season, or year-round by making those rapid incursions called razzias, whose purpose is to seize men or herds.”
If this savage policy recommendation was not clear enough, he reiterated in bullet points the necessity to “destroy everything that resembles a permanent aggregation of population or, in other words, a town.”
One Hundred years of Insurrections;
Exclusions, discrimination, poverty and hunger and diseases had forcefully been the causes that lead the populations and individuals to become insurgents to the unjust established ordonnances and rulers
The Great insurrection of 1865, came from the South, due to restrictions on circulation of Algerian traders and nomadic shepherds with their herds of lambs in connection with Morocco commerçants that were in relation with the English traders from Gibraltar, because of fears to concurrence in exchange of English products, the Southern traders with caravans from sub-Saharan countries provided Spain, England Europeans with slaves, gold ore, and dattes; the insurrection also is attributed to tribal dissensions like the Ben – Beker tribe’s, who provoked embarrassments to The French gouvernement that had seen the leading cheikh growing to become important to attract other tribal leaders and fomenting the insurgency.
The insurrection of Tell in that epoch , arose and sparked with the help of some cheikhs leaders that maintained relations with the insurgents of the south of Algiers , also that fomented by the continual attacks from a grossing concern of human rights violations related by de Europeans press and by the incessant threat to dispossessing lands jointed to misery, poverty and usuraires taxes.
As for the insurrection of 1871, survenue sparked within so baleful conditions France who was on war with Prussiens, It was unlike any of precedents ones : it characteristics were tinted with political and religious; the discrimination of the Decree Crémieux was a one of the cause for the revolt as for, the assimilation of the jew served as a pretext, which relates to the revolutionary thinking from influencers with pernicious ideas arriving from Europe
In 1930, France celebrated the anniversary of 100 years of Pacification of Algeria and the end of all the Insurrection in the country, Tamanraset the last utmost part in the south of Algeria was reached in 1925
Those are the principal causes of the great insurrections from 1886 to 1990, whose leaders after their deaths, The French generals took their skulls as battlefield trophies to be put on display in the Museum of Natural History; a fact that was all but only counter-Natural
We know little about the Amazon secluded tribes that lived in the deepest of the rain forests that they behead the intruders of their territory, and put their heads on the limits of the territory to dissuade the comers, safe that they are sauvage in doing so
It’s also a Barbaric and sauvage act not to be considered as adequately suitable for a civilized people who invade a country that doesn’t belong to you for any reason other then of being belligerent
The French Cavalry had lost her chevaleresque attitude towards her enemy who defended himself sword on hand with bravery and sometimes defeated her by once fallen the soldiers beheaded them and took their head as trophies to be exposed in display in Paris to show to World the France supremacy in her colonies.
The Guillotine was still in use on thousands of insurgents people in Algeria and this was practiced until the eve of the independence of Algeria, just because of their ideals of a little bit of Freedom, Equality and Fraternity by irony of fate that their bourreaux were the one that proclaimed those principles of freedom equality and fraternity dear to The French Nation
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